Medically reviewed on Nov 13, Sedative-hypnotic drugs — sometimes called "depressants" — and is valium a sedative hypnotic antianxiety drugs slow down the activity of the brain. An older class of drugs, is valium a sedative hypnotic barbiturates Amytal, NembutalSeconal lorazepam od 1 mg, phenobarbital fit into this broad category. Other drugs in this group include chloral hydrate which when mixed with alcohol was once known as "knockout drops " or a "Mickey Finn"glutethimide, methaqualone Quaalude, Sopor, "ludes" and meprobamate Equanil, Miltown and other brand names. Alcohol has some properties similar to the above drugs, but alcohol is so common that health experts classify alcohol-related problems separately. Regular use of these drugs often leads to "drug tolerance.

A sedative or tranquilliser [1] is a substance that induces is valium a sedative hypnotic by reducing irritability [2] or excitement. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid GABAwhich are brain chemicals performing communication between brain cells. In spite of the fact that each sedative acts in its own way, they produce beneficial relaxing effect by increasing GABA activity. At higher doses "is valium a sedative hypnotic" may result in slurred speech, staggering gaitpoor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes.

If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you don't have a MyAccess Profile, please contact your library's reference desk for information on how to gain access to this resource from off-campus. Many agents can depress the function of the central nervous system and produce calming or drowsiness sedation. The CNS depressants discussed in this chapter include benzodiazepines, other benzodiazepine receptor agonists the "Z compounds" , barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotic agents of diverse chemical structure. Older sedative-hypnotic drugs depress the CNS in a dose-dependent fashion, progressively producing a spectrum of responses from mild sedation to coma and death. A sedative drug decreases activity, moderates excitement, and calms the recipient, whereas a hypnotic drug produces drowsiness and facilitates the onset and maintenance of a state of sleep that resembles natural sleep in its electroencephalographic characteristics and from which the recipient can be aroused easily. Sedation is a side effect of many drugs that are not general CNS depressants e. Although such agents can intensify the effects of CNS depressants, they usually produce more specific therapeutic effects at concentrations far lower than those causing substantial CNS depression. For example, they cannot induce surgical anesthesia in the absence of other agents. The benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics resemble such agents; although coma may occur at very high doses, neither surgical anesthesia nor fatal intoxication is produced by benzodiazepines in the absence of other drugs with CNS-depressant actions; an important exception is midazolam, which has been associated with decreased tidal volume and respiratory rate. Moreover, specific antagonists of benzodiazepines exist.

Sedative-hypnotic drug , chemical substance used to reduce tension and anxiety and induce calm sedative effect or to induce sleep hypnotic effect. Most such drugs exert a quieting or calming effect at low doses and a sleep-inducing effect in larger doses. Sedative-hypnotic drugs tend to depress the central nervous system. Since these actions can be obtained with other drugs, such as opiates, the distinctive characteristic of sedative-hypnotics is their selective ability to achieve their effects without affecting mood or reducing sensitivity to pain. For centuries alcohol and opium were the only drugs available that had sedative-hypnotic effects.

The diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder were previously reviewed. These criteria apply to sedative-, hypnotic-, or anxiolytic use disorders. These drugs act as central nervous system depressants like alcohol. For this reason, they are deadly when taken at high doses. They are also fatal at lower doses when combined with alcohol. The SHAs may be overused by people of any age group. Females are at higher risk than males for abusing prescription drugs in this class. These substances often lead to tolerance and withdrawal LINK. The public is aware of the lethality of these drugs because of the premature deaths of many famous people. SHA addiction often occurs together with other drugs of abuse.

is valium a sedative hypnotic

Interactions between Sedative-hypnotics and Antiretrovirals. Parenteral midazolam can be used with caution when given as a single dose in a monitored situation for procedural sedation; chronic midazolam administration oral or intravenous should be avoided.

Drugs used to make children "more workable" and comfortable. Particularly effective for noninvasive procedures or slightly painful procedures that do not require high immobilization and as adjuncts with analgesics for category 4. They can u give dogs klonopin chloride flux across sedative hypnotic chloride channels, resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of the action potential. The time of clinical onset and valium of action following single-dose administration is primarily related to lipid solubility. Used is valium a sedative hypnotic procedures associated with mild to moderate discomfort not requiring high levels of immobility Pediatrics ; Useful as adjuncts with analgesics. Antegrade amnesia is one of the most important clinical effects of BNZs, particularly in children undergoing invasive procedures.

Sedative-hypnotic drugchemical substance used to reduce tension and anxiety and induce calm sedative effect or to induce sleep hypnotic effect. Most such drugs exert a quieting or calming effect at low doses and a sleep-inducing effect in larger doses.