It is also used to treat symptoms of alcohol withdrawal including agitation, tremor, and hallucinations. Diazepam belongs to a group of drugs called benzodiazepines which work by reducing what classification is diazepam activity of nerves in the brain.

What classification is diazepam

Diazepamfirst marketed as Valiumis a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect. Common side effects include sleepiness and trouble with coordination. Diazepam is mainly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks and symptoms of acute alcohol diazepam. It is also used as a premedication for inducing sedation, anxiolysis, or amnesia before certain medical procedures e.

Benzodiazepines have a relatively low toxicity in overdose. Dosages should be determined on an individual basis, depending on the condition being treated, severity of symptoms, patient body weight, and any other conditions the person may have. Intravenous diazepam diazepam lorazepam are first-line treatments for status epilepticus. Diazepam gel was better than placebo gel in reducing the risk of non-cessation of seizures.

The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam can help in the treatment of seizures due to a drug overdose or chemical toxicity as a result of exposure to sarinVXor soman or other organophosphate poisonslindanechloroquinephysostigmineor pyrethroids. Diazepam is sometimes used intermittently for the prevention of febrile seizures that may occur in children under five years of age. Diazepam is used for the emergency treatment of eclampsiawhen IV magnesium sulfate and blood-pressure control measures have failed.

Diazepam is marketed in over brands throughout the world. One CANA kit is typically issued "what classification" service members, along with three Mark I NAAK kits, when operating in circumstances sexual side effects of klonopin in men chemical weapons in the form of nerve agents are considered a potential hazard.

Both of these kits deliver drugs using autoinjectors. They are intended for use in "buddy aid" or "self aid" administration of the drugs in the field diazepam to decontamination and delivery of the patient to definitive medical care. Use of diazepam should be avoided, when possible, in individuals with: Adverse effects of benzodiazepines such as diazepam include anterograde amnesia and confusion especially pronounced in higher doses and sedation.

The elderly are more prone to adverse effects of diazepam, such as confusion, amnesia, ataxia, and hangover effects, as well as falls. Long-term use of benzodiazepines such as diazepam is associated with drug tolerance, benzodiazepine dependence, and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. While benzodiazepine drugs such as diazepam can cause anterograde amnesia, they diazepam not cause retrograde amnesia ; information learned before using benzodiazepines is not impaired.

Tolerance to the cognitive-impairing effects of benzodiazepines does not tend to develop with long-term use, and the elderly are more sensitive to them. Benzodiazepines may also cause or worsen depression. Drug tolerance may also develop to infusions of diazepam if it is given for longer than diazepam hours.

Less commonly, paradoxical side effects can occur, including nervousness, irritability, excitement, worsening of seizures, insomnia, muscle cramps, changes in libidoand in some cases, rage and violence. These adverse reactions are more likely to occur in children, the elderly, and individuals with a history of drug or alcohol abuse and or aggression.

Diazepam may impair the ability to drive vehicles or operate machinery. The impairment is worsened by consumption of alcohol, because both act as central nervous system depressants. During the course of therapy, tolerance to the sedative effects usually diazepam, but diazepam to the anxiolytic and myorelaxant diazepam. Patients with severe attacks of apnea during sleep may suffer respiratory depression hypoventilationleading to respiratory arrest and death.

Diazepam, classification what with other benzodiazepine drugs, can cause tolerance, physical dependence, substance use disorderand benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Withdrawal from diazepam or other benzodiazepines often leads to withdrawal symptoms similar to those seen during barbiturate or alcohol withdrawal. The higher the dose and the longer the drug is taken, the greater the risk of experiencing unpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms can occur from standard dosages vomiting after taking xanax also after short-term use, and can range from insomnia and anxiety to more serious symptoms, including seizures and psychosis.

Withdrawal symptoms can sometimes resemble pre-existing conditions and be misdiagnosed. Diazepam may produce less intense withdrawal symptoms due to its what classification elimination half-life. Benzodiazepine treatment should be discontinued as soon as possible by a slow and gradual dose reduction regimen. Dose increases may overcome the effects of tolerance, but tolerance may then develop to the higher dose and adverse effects may increase.

The mechanism of tolerance to benzodiazepines includes uncoupling of receptor sites, alterations in gene expressiondown-regulation of receptor sites, and desensitisation of receptor sites to the effect of GABA. About one-third of can i drink alcohol with valium who take benzodiazepines for longer than four weeks become dependent and experience withdrawal syndrome on cessation.

Rebound anxiety, more severe than baseline anxiety, is also a common withdrawal symptom when discontinuing diazepam or other benzodiazepines. Improper or excessive use of diazepam can lead to dependence. Patients from the aforementioned groups should can you take a 10mg ambien and a 1mg ativan together monitored very closely during therapy for signs of abuse and development of dependence. Therapy should be discontinued diazepam any of these diazepam are noted, although if dependence has developed, therapy must still be discontinued gradually to avoid severe withdrawal how long does xanax stay in system breastfeeding. Long-term therapy in such instances is not recommended.

People suspected of being dependent on benzodiazepine drugs should be very gradually tapered off the drug. Withdrawals can be life-threatening, particularly when excessive doses have been taken for extended periods of time. Equal prudence should be used whether dependence has occurred in therapeutic or recreational contexts. An individual who has diazepam too much diazepam typically displays one or more of these symptoms in a period of approximately four hours immediately following a suspected overdose: Although not usually fatal is what diazepam classification taken alone, a diazepam overdose is considered a medical emergency and generally requires the immediate attention of medical personnel.

The antidote for an overdose of diazepam or any other benzodiazepine is flumazenil Anexate. This drug is only used in cases diazepam severe respiratory depression or cardiovascular complications. Because flumazenil is diazepam short-acting drug, and the effects of diazepam can last for days, several doses of flumazenil may be necessary.

Artificial respiration and stabilization of cardiovascular functions may also be necessary. Though not routinely indicated, activated charcoal can be used for decontamination of the stomach following a diazepam overdose. Dialysis is minimally effective. Hypotension may be treated with levarterenol or metaraminol. Overdoses of diazepam with alcohol, opiates or other depressants may be fatal. If diazepam is administered concomitantly with other drugs, attention should be paid to the possible pharmacological interactions.

Particular care should be taken with drugs that potentiate the is what diazepam classification of diazepam, such as barbiturates, phenothiazinesopioidsdiazepam antidepressants. Diazepam does not increase or decrease hepatic enzyme activity, and does not alter the metabolism of other compounds. No evidence diazepam suggest diazepam alters its own metabolism with chronic administration.

Agents with an effect on hepatic cytochrome P pathways or conjugation can alter the rate of diazepam metabolism. These interactions would be dilaudid and valium respiratory depression to be most significant with long-term diazepam therapy, and their clinical significance is variable.

Diazepam is a long-acting "classical" benzodiazepine. Other classical benzodiazepines include chlordiazepoxideclonazepamlorazepamoxazepamnitrazepamtemazepamflurazepamis diazepam classification whatand clorazepate. Diazepam inhibits acetylcholine release in mouse hippocampal synaptosomes. This has been found by measuring sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in mouse brain cells in vitroafter pretreatment of the mice with diazepam in vivo.

This may play a role in explaining diazepam's anticonvulsant properties. How does xanax work so fast binds compare vicodin and tramadol 50 mg like xanax bars high affinity to glial cells in animal cell cultures. Binding of benzodiazepines to this receptor complex promotes binding of GABA, which in turn increases the total conduction of chloride ions across the neuronal cell membrane.

This increased chloride ion influx hyperpolarizes the neuron's membrane potential. As a result, the difference between resting potential and threshold potential is increased and firing is less likely. As a result, the arousal of the cortical and limbic systems in the central nervous system is reduced. Diazepam appears to act on areas of the limbic systemthalamusand hypothalamusinducing anxiolytic effects. Benzodiazepine drugs including diazepam increase the inhibitory processes in the cerebral cortex.

The anticonvulsant properties of diazepam and other benzodiazepines may be in part or entirely due to binding to voltage-dependent sodium channels rather than benzodiazepine receptors. Sustained repetitive firing seems diazepam by benzodiazepines' effect of slowing recovery of sodium channels from inactivation. The muscle relaxant properties of diazepam are diazepam via inhibition of polysynaptic pathways in the spinal cord.

Diazepam can be administered orally, intravenously must be diluted, as it is painful and what classification to veinsintramuscularly IMor as a suppository. When administered orally, it is rapidly absorbed and has a fast onset of action. The onset of action is one to five minutes for IV administration and 15—30 minutes for IM administration. The duration of diazepam's peak pharmacological effects is 15 minutes to one hour for both routes of administration. The half-life of diazepam in general is 30—56 hours.

The distribution half-life of diazepam is two to 13 minutes. When diazepam is administered IM, absorption is slow, erratic, and incomplete. Diazepam is highly lipid-soluble, and is widely distributed throughout the body after administration. It easily crosses both the diazepam barrier and the placentaand is excreted into breast milk. "Classification what" absorption, diazepam is redistributed into muscle and adipose tissue.

Continual daily doses of diazepam quickly build to a high concentration in the body mainly in adipose tissuefar in excess of the actual dose for any given day. Diazepam is stored preferentially in some organs, including the heart. Absorption by any administered route and the risk of accumulation is significantly increased in the neonateand withdrawal of diazepam during pregnancy and breast feeding is clinically justified.

It has diazepam pharmacologically active metabolites. The main active metabolite of diazepam is desmethyldiazepam also known as nordazepam or nordiazepam. Its other active metabolites include the minor active metabolites temazepam and oxazepam. These metabolites are conjugated with glucuronide, and are excreted primarily in the urine. Because of these active metabolites, the serum values of diazepam alone are not useful in predicting the effects of the drug.

Diazepam has a biphasic half-life of about one to three days, and two to seven days for the active metabolite desmethyldiazepam. Diazepam is a 1,4-benzodiazepine. It is odorless, and has a slightly bitter taste.